Radiological imaging device with improved functionality

ABSTRACT

A radiological imaging device including a gantry defining an analysis zone in which at least a part of the patient is placed, a source suitable to emit radiation, and a detector arranged to receive the radiation and to generate data signals based on the radiation received. The device also includes a horizontal gantry rotation apparatus having a ring to which the source and the detector are mounted and a rotational bearing member configured to rotate the ring. Also included is a control unit adapted to acquire an image from data signals received from the detector while the horizontal gantry rotation apparatus rotates the ring to scan the patient. The radiological imaging device can include at least one of a vertical gantry rotation apparatus, a lifter system, a roller support system, a cooling system, a source tilting device, and a translational apparatus configured to translation a position of the detector.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/078,800, filed Nov. 12, 2014, which is herein incorporated byreference in its entirety.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialthat is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and TrademarkOffice patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrightrights whatsoever.

FIELD

The disclosure relates to obtaining radiological images, and, moreparticularly, to a device and method for performing a total body scanand reconstructing an image of a patient's entire body or an extensiveportion thereof.

BACKGROUND

Many conventional imaging devices include a bed on which the patient isplaced, a control station suitable to control the functioning of thedevice, and a gantry, that is, a device having a cavity in which theportion of the patient to be analyzed is inserted and suitable toperform the radiological imaging of the patient.

Inside the gantry, the radiological imaging devices are provided with asource suitable to emit radiation on command, such as X-rays, and adetector suitable to receive the radiation after it has traversed theportion of the patient to be analyzed and to send a signal suitable topermit visualization of the internal anatomy of the patient.

Typically, given the need to visualize extensive parts of the body, thedetector used is a flat panel sensor, said flat panel sensor having aparticularly extensive detection surface, which in some cases exceeds1600 cm².

For example, flat panel sensors may be a direct-conversion type, andinclude a panel suitable to receive X-rays emitted by the source and toproduce a series of electric charges in response, a segmented matrix ofTFT in amorphous silicon which receives the aforementioned electriccharges, and an electronic reading system. Flat panel sensors also maybe an indirect-conversion type, including a layer suitable to receiveX-rays emitted by the source and to produce a series of light photons inresponse (e.g., by scintillation), a segmented matrix of photodetectors(e.g., TFT, CMOS, CCD, and the like) that convert the aforementionedlight photons into electric charges, and an electronic reading system.When radiation has struck the entire flat panel sensor, the electronicreading system determines the quantity of electric charge received byeach TFT segment in a direct-conversion flat panel sensor or thequantity of electric charge generated by each photodetector of anindirect-conversion type of flat panel sensor, and correspondinglygenerates a matrix of numbers which represent the digital image.

However, flat panel sensors generally cannot absorb radiationcontinuously, owing to, for example, the particular interaction betweenthe charges and the segmented matrix of TFT in amorphous silicon. Thus,in order to perform a total body scan of a patient's body, imageacquisition of the patient's body is divided into a sequence oftwo-dimensional images, which are then reconstructed into a total bodyscan. In particular, reconstruction may require approximating theportions of the body located on edges between two successive images.Furthermore, other portions of the body may have to be reconstructed byapproximation of a series of images of those portions. As a result, theuse of flat panel sensors in this conventional manner results in poorquality radiological imaging, particularly in the case of total bodyscanning.

Moreover, the quality of conventional total body scans is also reducedas a result of diffused, so-called parasitic radiation, formed by theinteractions between X-rays and matter, which hits the detector and thusdegrades the quality of the image. In order to reduce the incidence ofparasitic radiation, conventional radiological imaging devices are oftenfitted with anti-diffusion grids composed of thin lead plates fixedlyarranged parallel to each other so as to prevent the diffused rays fromreaching the flat panel sensor. However, such grids are only partiallyeffective in remedying the effects of parasitic radiation on imagequality. Furthermore, the use of anti-diffusion grids imposes the use ofa higher dose, thereby possibly increasing the danger of causingillness.

Additionally, in order to perform different types of analyses to a highstandard, a medical center must be equipped with several radiologicalimaging devices, involving substantial outlays. Moreover, conventionalradiological imaging devices are characterized by high production costsand highly complex construction.

Accordingly, there has been a long felt need for a radiological imagingdevice for performing a total body scan and reconstructing a clear imageof a patient's entire body or an extensive portion of a patient's body.

SUMMARY

Existing limitations associated with the foregoing, as well as otherlimitations, can be overcome by a method for operating a radiologicalimaging device, and by a system, apparatus, and computer program thatoperates in accordance with the method. Briefly, and in general terms,the present disclosure is directed to various embodiments of aradiological imaging device.

According to one embodiment herein, a radiological imaging device orsystem is disclosed. The radiological imaging device includes a gantrydefining an analysis zone in which at least a part of a patient isplaced; a source that emits radiation, that passes through at least partof a patient, where the radiation defines a central axis of propagation;and a receiving device that includes a detector that receives theradiation and is arranged on the opposite side of the patient withrespect to the source. The detector detects radiation when performing atleast one of tomography, fluoroscopy, radiography, and multimodality andgenerates data signals based on the radiation received.

The radiological imaging device also includes a horizontal gantryrotation apparatus that includes a ring to which the source and thedetector are mounted, and a rotational bearing member configured torotate the ring. The radiological imaging system further includes acontrol unit adapted to acquire an image from data signals receivedcontinuously from the detector while the horizontal gantry rotationapparatus continuously rotates the ring, the source emitting theradiation and the detector receiving the radiation that are mounted tothe ring, so as to scan the at least part of the patient. In theradiological imaging system, the gantry is mounted to a transportationmechanism configured to transport the gantry.

In one example embodiment herein, the horizontal gantry rotationapparatus includes a low slip bearing member adapted to rapidly rotatethe source and the receiving device in relation to an axis of a bore ofthe gantry (which may be the horizontal axis). The horizontal gantryrotation apparatus enables the rapid rotation of the source and thereceiving device about the axis of the bore of the gantry in order toobtain a volumetric scan of the patient or at least a portion of thepatient, with great stability and while minimizing slippage.

In another example embodiment herein, the radiological imaging devicefurther includes a vertical gantry rotation apparatus configured torotate the gantry about a vertical axis; a first lifter system and asecond lifter system configured to lift each side of the radiologicalimaging device (front or back) simultaneously or independently; at leastone positioning laser mounted on the gantry that projects a positioningguidance marker on the patient; and a cooling system connected to thesource. The vertical gantry rotation apparatus includes a rotationalbase integrally attached to the gantry and adapted to rotate the gantryabout an axis of rotation that is substantially perpendicular to theaxis of the bore of the gantry. The vertical gantry rotation apparatusenables the rotation of the gantry about its vertical axis to therebyreduce the profile of the radiological imaging device and thus, provideease in transportation of the device. The vertical gantry rotationapparatus also includes a first rotational plate mounted to the gantryand a second rotational plate mounted to the transportation mechanism.

In yet another example embodiment herein, a lifter system includes ascissor lift that slides underneath and connects to at least two sidesof a transportation mechanism capable of supporting the gantry. Thelifter system enables scanning of at least a part of a patient atvarying angles of inclination (as well as providing a simple way tocontrol elevation), which allows for decreased distances to scan targetsand alignment of the gantry bore axis with target axes to increase imagequality, improve the determination of the region of interest, andaccommodate variable target heights and volumes. The lifter systemfurther enables elevation of the gantry from one or both sides of thegantry and at varying heights and/or angles.

According to one example embodiment herein, a radiological imagingdevice further includes an integrated, roller support system that mountsto the gantry and is adapted to support a patient and/or a table, bed,or bed extension suitable to support the patient. In one exampleembodiment herein, the roller support system includes at least twovertical supports and at least one horizontal support mounted to the atleast two vertical supports. In some embodiments, the at least onehorizontal support includes at least one support roller. In someembodiments, the rolling support system includes a brace that is fowledfrom a horizontal rolling bar reversibly mounted to at least twoadjustable vertical bars, such that the at least two adjustable verticalbars are provided within a housing of the gantry.

In another example embodiment, the rolling support system can furtherinclude a fixed, cantilever support that includes at least twocantilever members attached to a brace that can be rotated to place thepatient and/or the table, bed, or bed extension in the proper position.In any of the example embodiments, the rolling support system allows forthe patient to be more easily placed into a desired position within thegantry, while avoiding interference with other components of theradiological imaging device.

According to another example embodiment herein, the radiological imagingdevice further includes a fluid-fed cooling system adapted to providecooling for components that generate heat within the gantry. In oneexample embodiment herein, the cooling system includes a blow-through,fan-type cooling unit mounted to the source. The cooling system enablesthe performance of multiple scans in rapid succession by theradiological imaging device with minimal heat buildup.

According to yet another example embodiment herein, the radiologicalimaging device further includes a source tilting device that connects tothe source and a translational apparatus configured to translate thedetector. The source tilting device is adapted to position the sourceand thus, the central axis of propagation of the radiation at variousangles depending on the scanning desired. In one example embodimentherein, the source tilting device includes a motor linked to anextendable piston system that engages with a source mounting plate andpivot to which the source is mounted. The source tilting device enablesdynamic scanning that continually uses optimal offset distance andgreater target volumes to be scanned by the gantry, increases thefield-of-view (FOV) by altering the angle of radiation emitted by thesource, and optimizes beam targeting by keeping the strongest beam ofradiation focused on the receiving device. The source tilting devicefurther reduces the need for a collimator utilizing a wide aperture,wide-angle emission, and multiple emission sources, which is beneficialgiven that these other components, if used, introduce greater technicaldifficulty, cost, power requirements, safety risks (due to emission),and inferior image quality.

In another example embodiment herein, the radiological imaging devicealso includes a translational apparatus arranged (i) to displace the atleast one detector with respect to the source, and (ii) to displace theat least one detector horizontally with respect to interior edges of thegantry (i.e., side-to-side). In a further example embodiment herein, thetranslational apparatus includes a translational plate to which the atleast one detector is mounted, a first linear actuator to move the atleast one detector along a first direction of translation, and a secondlinear actuator to move the at least one detector along a seconddirection of translation. In yet another example embodiment herein, thefirst direction of translation is substantially perpendicular to thecentral axis of propagation and the second direction of translation issubstantially parallel to the central axis of propagation. Thetranslational apparatus allows for dynamic scanning, using ellipticaland other rotational panel pathways, obtaining scans of at least aportion of the patient with improved image quality, increasing clearanceof the gantry bore for scanning procedures, and increasing scanningdiameter capabilities.

In one example embodiment herein, the at least one detector includes atleast one flat panel sensor and/or at least one linear sensor. In anexample embodiment in which the at least one detector is a flat panelsensor, the flat panel sensor is selectably operable in at least a flatpanel mode and a linear sensor mode obtained, for example, by activatingone or more pixel rows that are, preferably, substantially perpendicularto the axis of the bore. In a further example embodiment herein, in theflat panel mode, the sensor performs at least one of fluoroscopy andtomography, and, in the linear sensor mode, performs at least one ofradiography and tomography.

In another example embodiment, the inclusion of the at least onehorizontal gantry rotation apparatus, vertical gantry rotationapparatus, lifter system, rolling support system, cooling system, sourcetilting device, and translational apparatus, discussed above, in theradiological imaging device allows for the thickness of the gantry to bedecreased. By decreasing the thickness of the gantry, the ease of accessto the subject during positioning and image acquisition can be improved.

In further example embodiments, the at least one horizontal gantryrotation apparatus, vertical gantry rotation apparatus, lifter system,rolling support system, cooling system, source tilting device, andtranslational apparatus, discussed above, could also be included withthe radiological imaging devices according to one or more of the exampleembodiments described in U.S. Provisional Patent Applications Nos.61/932,024, 61/932,028, 61/932,034, and 61/944,956, which areincorporated herein by reference in their entireties, as if set forthfully herein.

In another embodiment, a method of acquiring a radiological image of atleast a part of a patient placed in a gantry is disclosed. The methodincludes causing a source to emit radiation that passes through the atleast a part of the patient, where the radiation defines a central axisof propagation. Also, the method includes receiving the radiation at adetector and outputting data signals from the detector to a controlunit. The method further includes continuously rotating the source andthe detector with a horizontal gantry rotation apparatus around a boreaxis of the gantry, and acquiring, at the control unit, an image fromdata signals received continuously from the detector while thehorizontal gantry rotation apparatus continuously rotates the sourceemitting the radiation and the detector receiving the radiation, so asto scan the at least part of the patient.

The method of acquiring a radiological image further includes mountingthe gantry to a transportation mechanism configured to transport thegantry. The gantry is rotated about a vertical axis using a verticalgantry rotation apparatus. Further, the method includes lifting a firstside of the transportation mechanism with a first lifter system andlifting a second side of the transportation mechanism with a secondlifter system. The method may include projecting onto the patient atleast one positioning guidance marker from at least one positioninglaser mounted on the gantry.

According to further embodiments, the method of acquiring a radiologicalimage includes adjusting the patient using a roller support system thatmounts to the gantry. In this embodiment, the method includes coolingthe source using a cooling system connected to the source. The methodmay include tilting the source using a source tilting device thatconnects to the source and translating a position of the detector inrelation to the patient with a translational apparatus.

Other features will become apparent from the following detaileddescription taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, whichillustrate by way of example, the features of the various embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The teachings claimed and/or described herein are further described interms of exemplary embodiments. These exemplary embodiments aredescribed in detail with reference to the drawings. These embodimentsare non-limiting exemplary embodiments, in which like reference numeralsrepresent similar structures throughout the several views of thedrawings, and wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a radiological imaging device according to an exampleembodiment herein.

FIG. 2A illustrates a partial section showing internal structure of theradiological imaging device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2B illustrates a table containing predetermined relationships forconfiguring an X-ray source according to an example embodiment herein.

FIG. 2C illustrates a source subassembly of the radiological imagingdevice of FIG. 1 according to an example embodiment herein.

FIG. 3A illustrates another view, partly in cross-section of theradiological imaging device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3B illustrates a partial view of an example embodiment of thehorizontal gantry rotation apparatus of the radiological imaging deviceof FIG. 3A.

FIG. 3C illustrates another partial view of the example embodiment ofthe horizontal rotation apparatus of the radiological imaging device ofFIG. 3B.

FIG. 4A illustrates a partial view of an example embodiment of thevertical gantry rotation apparatus of the radiological imaging device ofFIG. 2A.

FIG. 4B illustrates further detail, partly in section, of the exampleembodiment of the vertical gantry rotation apparatus of FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5A illustrates a prospective view of a lifter system according toan example embodiment herein.

FIG. 5B illustrates a partial top view of the example embodiment of thelifter system of FIG. 5A.

FIG. 5B illustrates a partial top view of the example embodiment of thelifter system of FIG. 5A.

FIG. 5C illustrates a sectional view of the radiological imaging deviceof FIG. 1 including the rolling support system and the lifter systemaccording to an example embodiment herein.

FIG. 6A illustrates a configuration of the cooling system according toan example embodiment herein.

FIG. 6B illustrates a configuration of the source tilting deviceaccording to an example embodiment herein.

FIG. 6C illustrates the translational apparatus of the radiologicalimaging device of FIG. 1 according to an example embodiment herein.

FIG. 7A illustrates a matrix mode of a flat panel sensor subassembly ofthe imaging device of FIG. 1 according to an example embodiment herein.

FIG. 7B illustrates a linear sensor mode of a flat panel sensorsubassembly of the imaging device of FIG. 1 according to an exampleembodiment herein.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an imaging procedure according to anexample embodiment herein.

FIG. 9A illustrates a gantry subassembly with a cut-away portion,according to an example embodiment of the radiological imaging device ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 9B illustrates a perspective view of the gantry subassembly shownin FIG. 9A.

FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer system of theradiological imaging device shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 11 illustrates a partial prospective view of an example embodimentof a transportation mechanism of the radiological imaging device shownin FIG. 1.

FIG. 12A illustrates a partial view of a configuration of the rollersupport system according to an example embodiment herein.

FIG. 12B illustrates a partial view of a configuration of the rollersupport system shown in FIG. 12A.

FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate the radiological imaging device shown inFIG. 1 being used with an equine patient according to an exampleembodiment herein.

FIG. 14 illustrates a graph according to which the emission of X-rays bythe radiation source and the acquisition of images via the radiationdetector of the radiological imaging device are controlled.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Each of the features and teachings disclosed herein can be utilizedseparately or in conjunction with other features and teachings toprovide a radiological imaging device or system with a bed.Representative examples utilizing many of these additional features andteachings, both separately and in combination are described in furtherdetail with reference to the attached figures. This detailed descriptionis merely intended to teach a person of skill in the art further detailsfor practicing aspects of the present teachings and is not intended tolimit the scope of the claims. Therefore, combinations of featuresdisclosed above in the detailed description may not be necessary topractice the teachings in the broadest sense, and are instead taughtmerely to describe particularly representative examples of the presentteachings.

In the description below, for purposes of explanation only, specificnomenclature is set forth to provide a thorough understanding of thepresent disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in theart that these specific details are not required to practice theteachings of the present disclosure.

Some portions of the detailed descriptions herein are presented in termsof processes and symbolic representations of operations on data bitswithin a computer memory. These process descriptions and representationsare the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to mosteffectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in theart. A process is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistentsequence of steps leading to a desired result. The steps are thoserequiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, thoughnot necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical ormagnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined,compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times,principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals asbits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or thelike. The steps are not intended to be performed in a specificsequential manner unless specifically designated as such.

The methods or processes presented herein are not inherently related toany particular computer or other apparatus. Various general-purposedevices, computer servers, or personal computers may be used withprograms in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may proveconvenient to construct a more specialized apparatus to perform themethod steps. The structure for a variety of these devices will appearfrom the description below. It will be appreciated that a variety ofprogramming languages may be used to implement the teachings of thedisclosure as described herein.

Moreover, the various features of the representative examples and thedependent claims may be combined in ways that are not specifically andexplicitly enumerated in order to provide additional useful embodimentsof the present teachings. It is also expressly noted that all valueranges or indications of groups of entities disclose every possibleintermediate value or intermediate entity for the purpose of originaldisclosure. It is also expressly noted that the dimensions and theshapes of the components shown in the figures are designed to help tounderstand how the present teachings are practiced, but not intended tolimit the dimensions and the shapes shown in the examples.

With reference to FIGS. 1-14, reference numeral 1 denotes a radiologicalimaging device.

The different embodiments of the radiological imaging device 1, asdisclosed herein, is useful in both the medical and veterinaryapplications for performing radiological imaging of at least one portionof the internal anatomy of a patient. In particular, the radiologicalimaging device 1 is useful for performing two and three-dimensionalscans, and specifically, for selectively performing a radiography, atomography (e.g., computerized tomography), a fluoroscopy, or amultimodality (see, for example, FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrating anexample embodiment of the radiological imaging device 1 being used withan equine patient).

Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a three dimensional perspective viewof an embodiment of the radiological imaging device 1 configured for usein performing two and three dimensional scans on a patient's body. Theradiological imaging device 1, includes a gantry 20 defining a preferredaxis of extension 20 a (indicated in FIG. 2c ) and an analysis zone 20 bin which at least part of the portion of the patient's body to be imagedis placed. The gantry also includes a transportation mechanism 25 and acontrol unit 30.

The control unit 30 of the radiological imaging device 1 is mounted onthe gantry 20 (as shown in FIGS. 1, 9A, and 9B) and is capable ofcontrolling the gantry 20 by transferring data and command signal togantry 20 using communication means. However, in some embodiments, thecontrol unit 30 can be housed in a stand-alone unit (not shown) such as,for example, a workstation cart, or may be formed of multiple parts,such as, a first part mounted on the gantry 20 and a second part housedin a stand-alone unit. These examples are merely illustrative in nature,and in other embodiments, the control unit 30 can be located at otherpositions and locations besides those described above.

The gantry 20 is preferably mounted onto the transportation mechanism 25(e.g., a cart) in order to be transported to a desired location. In oneexample embodiment, the transportation mechanism 25 includes at leastfour wheels 24 that are mounted to the transportation mechanism 25 viabrackets 22. In one preferred embodiment, the brackets 22 are v-shaped(as shown in FIGS. 1 and 11) to accommodate wheels 24 of varying sizes,while still maintaining the transportation mechanism 25 as close to thefloor as possible. Moreover, the v-shaped brackets allow the diameter ofeach of the wheels 24 to be substantially equal or preferably,substantially greater than the distance between the transportationmechanism 25 and the floor, which helps to maintain a constant distancebetween the transportation mechanism 25 and the floor. The distancebetween the transportation mechanism 25 and the floor is kept in arelatively small value, thus allowing the size of the gantry 20 toincrease. However, a person skilled in the art would understand that anyother suitable shape for the brackets 22 and/or any other means ofattaching the wheels 24 to the transportation mechanism 25 can be usedas well.

In one embodiment, FIG. 2A shows a more detailed three dimensionalperspective view of the gantry 20 and associated components of theradiological imaging device 1, as shown in FIG. 1. The gantry 20 in theradiological imaging device 1 includes a container 99 within which thevarious components used to perform the radiological scan are housed(see, for example, FIG. 1). The container 99 of the gantry 20 houses aradiation source 21 or the X-ray source (as in FIG. 2A) with a centralaxis of propagation 21 a (shown in FIG. 2C), a radiation detector 102 orthe Detector (as in FIG. 6C) to receive the radiation emitted by theradiation source 21. The gantry 20 further includes an analysis zone 20b in which the patient's entire body or a particular body part to beimaged is placed during scanning. In some embodiments, the gantry 20also includes a laser positioning system that includes at least onehorizontal laser 72 and one vertical laser 74 (FIGS. 9A and 9B).

The radiation source 21 or the X-ray source (as in FIG. 2A) emitsradiation capable of traversing the patient's body and can interact withthe tissues and fluids present inside the patient's body. In oneembodiment, the radiation source 21 or the X-ray source (as in FIG. 2a )emits ionizing radiation, and more particularly, X-rays. Optionally, theradiological imaging device 1 includes a collimator adjacent to theradiation source 21 to focus the radiation on the radiation detector 102or the Detector (as in FIG. 6C) and to modify the radiation field inorder to adjust it to the position of the radiation detector 102 or theDetector (as in FIG. 6C).

FIG. 2C shows a more detailed perspective view of the radiation source21, as shown in FIG. 1 and its associated components. As mentionedabove, the collimator 76 which is used to focus the radiation from theradiation detector 102 includes an X-ray filter 76 a positioned betweenthe radiation source 21 and the radiation detector 102. The X-ray filter76 a modifies the shape of the radiation beam (e.g. X-ray) emitted fromthe radiation source 21. The X-ray filter 76 a also modifies the energydistribution of the emitted radiation along the axis of propagation 21 aby absorbing the low power X-rays prior to the X-rays traversing thepatient. In one embodiment, the X-ray filter 76 a includes a sheetmaterial (e.g., aluminum and/or copper sheet) of predetermined thicknesssuitable for absorbing the radiation. The thickness of the radiationabsorbing sheet is calculated along the axis of propagation 21 a.

In another example embodiment herein, a plurality of X-ray filters 76 a(not shown) are stored at different locations in the gantry 20. EachX-ray filter 76 a of the multiple X-ray filters differs from other atleast in terms of material (such as an aluminum and/or copper sheet) ofthe sheet or thickness of the sheet. The control unit 30 can cause amotorized mechanism (not shown) provided within the gantry 20 toretrieve a selected X-ray filter (e.g., selected by control unit 30 in amanner to be described further herein below) from storage and positionthe selected X-ray filter in front of the source 21.

In a further example embodiment herein, the operator inputs patientspecific information, for example, the types of imaging procedures(e.g., fluoroscopy, tomography, or radiography) to be performed on thepatient, the species of the patient (e.g., human or animal), thepatient's weight, tissue type to be imaged or the like, in the controlunit 30. Based on the inputted information, the control unit 30automatically configures an optimal radiation dosage to be used on thepatient by the radiological imaging device 1. Moreover, based on somepredetermined relationships among the different patient specificinformation, the control unit 30 determines the emission energy of theX-rays and/or the type of X-ray filter 76 a to be placed in front of theradiation source 21. Examples of such predetermined relationships areshown in the table of FIG. 2B, which are defined in accordance withlook-up tables, conditional statement algorithms, and/or mathematicalformulas implemented on the control unit 30. Accordingly, theradiological imaging device 1 can perform the selected imaging procedurewith an X-ray dosage that is safe for the patient, as well as theoperator, while maintaining optimal image quality. The emission energyof the X-rays depends on parameters, such as, X-ray tube voltage, X-raytube current, and exposure time.

For example, the control unit 30 can perform the aforementioneddetermination of X-ray emission energy and/or select an X-ray filtertype based on predetermined relationships (e.g., defined in accordancewith look-up table(s), conditional statement algorithm(s), and/ormathematical formula(s) implemented on control unit 30, although theseexamples are not limiting) between the patient information, theradiological imaging procedure selected to be performed, the X-rayemission energy, and the materials and thicknesses of the X-ray filtersavailable in the plurality of X-ray filters located inside the gantry.Examples of such predetermined relationships are shown in the table ofFIG. 2b . By way of example and not of limitation, if while inputtingthe patient specific information in the control unit 30, an operatorspecifies that a high resolution tomography is to be performed on hardtissues (e.g., a thorax region), the control unit 30 can determine theoperating parameters of the radiation source 21 for such specificationusing a look up table (for example, FIG. 2C). Specifically, using thelookup table of FIG. 2C, the control unit 30 can determine that theaforementioned input correlates to operating parameters for theradiation source 21 of 100 kV and 60 mA for 5 ms, and for the X-rayfilter 76 a with a 3 mm thick aluminum sheet and a 0.2 mm thick coppersheet (FIG. 2B). As another example, if an operator specifies (by way ofthe control unit 30) that high resolution tomography is to be performedon soft tissues (e.g., an abdominal region), the control unit 30determines, via the look-up table of FIG. 2C, that that theaforementioned input correlates to operating parameters for theradiation source 21 of 60 kV and 60 mA for 10 ms and an X-ray filter 76a with a 2 mm thick sheet of aluminum (see FIG. 2B). Such variables canbe adjusted depending on the target being scanned.

In yet another embodiment, the radiation source 21 emits either acone-shaped beam or a fan-shaped beam of radiation using the collimator76, which can modify the beam shape. The collimator 76, as shown in FIG.2C, includes at least two movable plates 78, preferably, four movableplates, surrounding the area of X-ray emission and therefore,substantially blocking the radiation. An operator can place the movableplates 78 of the collimator 76 in an open configuration, a slitconfiguration or in between those configurations using a motorizedmechanism (not shown) controlled by the control unit 30. The operatorcan also configure the movable plates 78 along an axis of translationwhich is substantially perpendicular to the axis of propagation 21 a andsubstantially perpendicular or parallel to the axis of extension 20 a,using the motorized mechanism controlled by the control unit 30.

In some embodiments, the motorized mechanism includes at least oneindependent motor for each movable plate 78 and an additional motor forthe X-ray filter 76 a. When the collimator 76 is configured in the openconfiguration, radiation from the radiation source 21 is not blocked andtravels along the axis of propagation 21 a in the shape of a cone.However, when the collimator 76 is configured as a slit, a portion ofthe radiation of the radiation source 21 is blocked, and thus theunblocked radiation propagates along the axis of propagation 21 a in theshape of a fan (i.e., a cross-section of the cone-shaped radiation)oriented in a plane perpendicular to the direction of extension 20 a.Thus, in one example embodiment herein, an operator may configure thesource 21 to emit either a cone-shaped beam or a fan-shaped beam byvirtue of the collimator 76, and perform different types of imaging withthe radiological imaging device 1, for example, cone beam tomography orfan beam tomography, respectively.

In another embodiment, the shape of the beam of radiation emitted by theradiation source 21 can be modified by positioning a filtering means(not shown) on top of the radiation source 21 to focus the beam ofradiation onto the target. In particular, in one embodiment, theradiation source 21 can emit radiation in a plurality of fan-shapedbeams of radiation by using the filtering means. By using a plurality offan-shaped beams, the image quality of the scanned image can be improveddue to, inter alia, reduction of light scattering as compared tocone-shaped radiation emission. In yet another embodiment, the filteringmeans includes, for example, one or more filters, one or more grids oran adjustable diaphragm. In addition, in another embodiment, thefiltering means can include one more stackable filters or stackablegrids. In some embodiments, the filtering means is movable.

In one embodiment, the laser positioning system, which includeshorizontal laser 72 and vertical laser 74, is used in conjunction withan adjustable bed. The laser positioning system, when activated on thecontrol unit 30, projects visual markers onto the patient in order tofacilitate positioning of the patient on a bed within the analysis zone20 b. Further details can be found in U.S. Provisional PatentApplications No. 61/932,034 and 61/944,956, which are incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties.

Referring again to the drawings and more particularly to FIGS. 9A and9B, there is shown one embodiment of the gantry 20 of the radiologicalimaging device 1 of FIG. 1. As mentioned above the laser positioningsystem is mounted on the gantry 20 and includes at least one horizontallaser 72 and/or at least one vertical laser 74. The horizontal laser 72projects horizontal visual markers 73 to aid the operator in adjustingthe height and inclination of the patient and the vertical laser 74projects a top-down marker 75 to aid the operator in adjusting thelateral centering of the patient with respect to the gantry 20. Theoperator adjusts the positioning of the patient by observing theposition of the patient with respect to the projected laser markers 73and 75, and thus with respect to the analysis zone 20 b. The operatorthen manually repositions the patient on the bed by adjusting controlsof the bed (not shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B) until the patient is in thecorrect position for imaging. In one embodiment, two mutually obliquehorizontal lasers 72 are provided in order to reciprocally intersect anddefine a horizontal marker segment. In the example embodiment, the twohorizontal lasers 72 project visual markers at opposite angles to eachother along an inclined axis.

In some embodiments, in the analysis zone 20 b the radiation detector102 is located opposite to the radiation source 21 and collimator 76 todetect radiation once it has traversed the portion of the patient's bodyto be examined. Once the radiation is received, the radiation detector102 convers the received radiation into equivalent electrical signal andtransfers the signal to the control unit 30 at a particular frame rate.Once received, the control unit 30 processes the data signals to acquireimages. One exemplary method of controlling the emission of radiation bythe source and the detection of the radiation by the receiving devicewill be described more fully below.

In one embodiment, the gantry 20 includes a horizontal gantry rotationapparatus 40 (FIGS. 3A-3C) to rotate the radiation source 21 and theradiation detector 102 together around the axis of extension 20 a toallow the radiological imaging device 1 to perform a 360° scanning ofthe portion of the patient that has been placed in the analysis zone 20b (FIG. 1). In another embodiment, the horizontal gantry rotationapparatus 40 rotates the radiation (X-ray) source 21 and the radiationdetector 102 rapidly around the axis of the bore of the gantry 100(FIG. 1) in order to obtain a volumetric scan of a patient. The rapidrotation of the source and the receiving device about the bore axis ofthe gantry 100 (namely, the axis of extension 20 a) using the horizontalgantry rotation apparatus 40, can be accomplished with great stabilitywhile minimizing the slippage.

In some embodiments, the horizontal gantry rotation apparatus 40includes a gantry source/detector ring 103 or gantry source/detectorring of FIG. 3B to which the radiation source 21 and the radiationdetector 102 are mounted, and a static ring 104 connecting the gantrysource/detector 103 ring to the transportation mechanism 25. In oneembodiment, the gantry source/detector ring 103 can be attached to thestatic ring 104 in a cantilever manner.

The horizontal gantry rotation apparatus 40 further includes arotational motor 105 or horizontal gantry axis rotation motor (FIGS.3B-3C) that is integral with the static ring 104, a gearbox 106 orhorizontal gantry axis rotation gearbox that is driven by the motor 105,and a rotational bearing 107 or horizontal gantry axis rotation bearingof FIG. 3B interposed between the rings. The rotational bearing 107includes a low-slip bearing member and is connected to the gearbox 106.The rotational bearing 107 which is housed inside of the gantry 20,drives the rotation of the gantry source/detector ring 103 via arotational contact of the rotational bearing 107 to the gantrysource/detector ring 103. In particular, the motor 105 drives thegearbox 106, which in turn rotates the rotational bearing 107, whichthus, rotates, with respect to the static ring 104, the gantrysource/detector ring 103 through the contact between these two members.Operation of the motor 105 and thus, the rotational bearing 107 can becontrolled by the control unit 30. In some embodiments, it is preferredto minimize slippage between the rotational bearing 107 and the gantrysource/detector ring 103, such that these two members rotatesubstantially in unison, and the loss of control over the rotation isminimized. In some other embodiments, the amount of friction between therotational bearing 107 and the gantry source/detector ring 103 isdesired to be increased in order to minimize the slippage between thesemembers. The amount of friction can be increased by, for example,producing these members out of materials having desired coefficients offriction or by adding various coatings or texturing to one or both ofthese members to achieve a desired coefficient of friction.

In one embodiment, the gantry 20 further includes a perforated,laser-tracked ring 108 or the laser tracking ring (FIG. 2A) integratedwith the gantry source/detector ring 103 that records data relating torotation of the gantry source/detector ring 103 about the bore axis 100of the gantry 20. A laser emitter 109 and a detector 110 (not shown)that detects openings (e.g., perforations uniformly and angularly spacedby 0.5 degrees) in the perforated, laser-tracked ring 108 as the ringrotates around the bore axis 100, are used to record data relating tothe gantry 20 rotation. By recording the data relating to the gantry 20rotation, both the orientation and the speed of the gantrysource/detector ring 103 can be monitored and analyzed using varioussoftware embedded in the control unit 30, which in turn can reduceslippage and potential errors in the gantry 20 rotation. In anotherembodiment, by detecting the openings in the perforated, laser-trackedring 108, the slippage between the rotational bearing 107 and the gantrysource/detector ring 103 can be minimized.

In some embodiments, the motion of the gantry source/detector ring 103is controlled by a standard closed-loop method. In this closed loopmethod, as the gantry source/detector ring 103 rotates, the laseremitter 109/detector 110 provides pulses as the openings in theperforated, laser-tracked ring 108 are detected. In order to determinewhether an error in the positioning of the gantry source/detector ring103 has occurred due to, for example, motion slippage, the desiredmotion of rotation of the gantry source/detector ring 103 is defined asan angle Θ.

Following is a method of minimizing slippage between the rotationalbearing 107 and the gantry source/detector ring 103 of the gantry 20, asdescribed in FIG. 1. The method starts with applying acceleratingrotation on the gantry source/detector ring 103 by until the gantrysource/detector ring 103 in a desired velocity (with any suitablevelocity shape). As the gantry source/detector ring 103 is acceleratedup to the desired velocity, pulses are counted in order to compute thereal or actual angular span or displacement (α), which occurs during theaccelerated motion. Once the gantry source/detector ring 103 reaches aconstant velocity of rotation, the pulses are continuously counted inorder to track the real angular position (given by the angle β) of thegantry source/detector ring 103. The real angular position of the gantrysource/detector ring 103 can be calculated from the following formula:β=Θ−α+Δ,where, Δ corresponds to a relatively small angle equivalent to a fewpulses. Once, the gantry source/detector ring 103 reaches the angularposition of β it is subjected to a deceleration to bring it to a stopfollowing the velocity curve used in the acceleration phase in reverse,so that the angular span during this deceleration phase is substantiallyequal to α. In this disclosed embodiment, it is preferred that the finalangular position of the gantry source/detector ring 103 is substantiallyequal to Θ+Δ during rotation, since the role of Δ is to assure that thefinal number of pulses is at least equal to the desired number ofpulses, given that an extra pulse is acceptable.

In another exemplary method of minimizing slippage between therotational bearing 107 and the gantry source/detector ring 103, thevalues of α, β, Θ and Δ are defined in the same manner. However, in thisembodiment, a standard velocity loop is used. Moreover, in thisembodiment, a velocity shape is defined (e.g., trapezoidal or S-shaped)for the point-to-point motion of the gantry source/detector ring 103from zero (0) to Θ, and a relationship between the angle β and thedesired angular velocity is computed. For each detected pulse, a counteris incremented, allowing for the tracking of angle β. Once the counterreaches the desired angular velocity, i.e., β=Θ−α+Δ, such that the lastdesired pulse is detected, the rotation of the gantry source/detectorring 103 is definitively stopped. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment,the extra stroke Δ is not needed to implement the method.

The detecting of the openings (i.e., perforations) in the perforated,laser-tracked ring 108 can also be used to drive the emission of theradiation via the radiation source 21. In particular, in one embodiment,the detecting of each opening in the perforated, laser-tracked ring 108via the laser emitter 109/detector 110 combination as the ring rotatesaround the bore axis 100 can be used to drive the emission of theradiation via the radiation source 21. Alternatively, detecting everyother opening, or every third opening, or every fourth opening, etc., inthe perforated, laser-tracked ring 108 via the laser emitter109/detector 110 combination can be used to drive the emission of theradiation via the radiation source 21.

According to another embodiment, the emission of X-rays by the radiationsource 21 and the acquisition of images via the radiation detector 102of the radiological imaging device 1 are controlled according to thegraph of FIG. 14. In this embodiment, an optical transducer 111,provided on a fixed position of the gantry 20, gives an accurate signal(as shown in FIG. 14) for each mechanical position of the gantrysource/detector ring 103 with respect to the required resolution. Theaccurate signal provided by the optical transducer 111 is generated aseach opening, or every other opening, or every third opening, etc. inthe perforated, laser-tracked ring 108 is detected via the opticaltransducer 111. The number of openings detected in the perforated,laser-tracked ring 108 is dependent upon the desired resolution of thescanned images (e.g., 720 pulses/revolution). The signal from theoptical transducer 111 is used to generate a trigger signal or FlatPanel Trigger Input, as shown in FIG. 14, to drive the radiationdetector 102 (e.g.; the flat panel sensor) acquisition. Accordingly, theradiation detector 102 generates a dedicated signal or the X-Ray Enable(in FIG. 14) to indicate that the panel is ready to be irradiated by theX-ray source.

Continuing with the embodiment with respect to FIG. 14, when the signalgenerated by the radiation detector 102 or the X-Ray Enable (in FIG. 14)goes high, the internal electronics circuitry of the radiologicalimaging device 1 drives the X-Ray source or the X-Ray Output in FIG. 14,to produce an irradiation of the desired duration. In the event that thesignal from the radiation detector 102 or the X-Ray Enable (in FIG. 14)goes low, the radiation detector 102 (e.g.; the flat panel sensor)should no longer be irradiated. Irradiation of the detector when thissignal is low (e.g., disabled) lead to artifacts in the acquired images,which in turn can lead to poor image quality. Accordingly, in thisembodiment, the internal electronics circuitry of the radiologicalimaging device 1 prevents it from producing poor quality images.Although, the embodiment described above utilizes a single opticaltransducer 111, multiple optical transducers can be provided in order tooptimize the scanning of images by the radiological imaging device 1.Furthermore, in yet another embodiment, the radiation detector 102 shallno longer be irradiated when the output signal gets high or low and,therefore, changes, in order to have up to 1440 pulses/revolution.

The specific components and configuration of the horizontal gantryrotation apparatus 40 of the embodiment of the radiological imagingdevice 1, as discussed above can be altered without departing from thespirit of the invention. In another embodiment, for example, thehorizontal gantry rotation apparatus 40 can include at least one ofhorizontal or vertical wheels in a guide track, a base with a wheel seatfor the gantry, treads, gears, an electric rotational motor,air-separated, magnetically-balanced or lubricated contacting rings,direct-drive motors, or manual manipulation. Moreover, a volumetric scanof the patient or at least a portion of the patient can alternatively beobtained, for example, by way of a scanning tube (e.g., CT scanningtube) or by using C-arm or robotic arm sensors and source mounts.

In some embodiments, a vertical gantry rotation apparatus 112 isprovided that enables the rotation of the gantry 20 about its verticalaxis (e.g.; axis of propagation 21 a) to reduce the profile of theradiological imaging device 1 and thus, provide ease in transportationof the radiological imaging device 1. In one embodiment, both thehorizontal gantry rotation apparatus 40 and the vertical gantry rotationapparatus 112 can be included with the radiological imaging device 1.

In another embodiment, the vertical gantry rotation apparatus 112includes a first rotational base plate 113 or vertical axial rotationbase plate (FIG. 2A), which is mounted to the gantry 20 (preferably, tothe static ring 104 described above) and a second rotational base plate114 or vertical rotation plate (FIG. 4A), which is mounted to thetransportation mechanism 25 supporting the gantry 20. The firstrotational base plate 113 rests above and is in parallel with the secondrotational base plate 114. The first 113 and second 114 rotational baseplates are separated by plurality of ball bearings 115 or vertical axisrotation ball bearings (FIG. 4A), that are integrated into the first 113and second 114 rotational base plates. Each ball bearing 115 of theplurality of ball bearings 115 is covered by a ball bearing cover 116 orvertical rotation ball bearing cover (FIGS. 2A and 4B), provided in thefirst rotational base plate 113. In some embodiments, there are atleast, three, and preferably four, ball bearings 115 to providetriangulation and separation of the first 113 and second 114 rotationbase plates.

The ball bearings 115 of the vertical gantry rotation apparatus 112allow the gantry 20 to rotate around its vertical axis 101 (FIG. 3A) viathe first rotational base plate 113 with minimal resistance or frictionand with increased stability. A vertical rotation cable is also attachedto the gantry 20 and runs through a pathway 147 or vertical rotationcable pathway (FIG. 4B), provided in an area between the first 113 andsecond 114 rotational base plates and the ball bearings 115, such thatthe gantry 20 can be manually rotated about its vertical axis 101 or theaxis of rotation, as shown in FIG. 3A. In this embodiment, it is assumedthat the vertical axis 101 is substantially perpendicular to the axis ofthe bore 100 of the gantry 20 and intersects the first rotational baseplate 113 or vertical axial rotation base plate (as in FIG. 2A).

In some embodiments, the rotation of the gantry 20 about its verticalaxis 101 can be controlled via the control unit 30. After rotation ofthe gantry 20 around its vertical axis 101, the gantry 20 can bemanually locked into a fixed position. In one embodiment herein, thevertical gantry rotation apparatus 112 rotates the gantry 20 up toninety degrees (90°) about its vertical axis 101. Although the disclosedembodiment utilizes ball bearings 115 integrated into the first 113 andsecond 114 rotational base plates, the ball bearings 115 could also beplaced into position via support collars, cut-outs or frames providedwithin the base plates, frameless systems, and/or other variousmountings or restraints. The ball bearings 115 can also be provided inany number of shapes and sizes, and in any quantity that allows for thevertical rotation of the gantry 20. Alternatively, the ball bearings 115could be removed entirely and the rotational base plates 113 and 114could merely rotate via application of appropriate force with thepresence of sufficient lubrication. In another embodiment, the verticalgantry rotation apparatus 112 includes a sensor (not shown) that signalsthe gantry 20 and/or the receiving device to disable movement along theaxis of extension 20 a, when the gantry 20 has been vertically rotatedand is in a transport mode. During this transport mode, the receivingdevice can collect images, but the signal sent by the sensor preventsthe linear scanning motion of the gantry 20 along the axis of extension20 a.

The specific components and configuration of the vertical gantryrotation apparatus 112 of the embodiment discussed above can be alteredwithout departing from the spirit of the invention. In anotherembodiment, for example, the vertical gantry rotation apparatus 112includes horizontal or vertical wheels on a guide track, a screw base,an electric rotational motor, lubricated planes, air-separated plates,magnetic levitation, or low-frictional plates. Alternatively, othersolutions of creating large scanning diameters with hightransportability include, for example,collapsible/retractable/telescoping gantries, gantries of fixed orvariable sizes, modular gantry systems that are disassembled andreassembled for use, separable bed/gantry units, and variable shapegantries (i.e., C arms, etc.)

In one embodiment, the radiological imaging device 1 is provided with alifter system 117, which enables the radiological imaging device 1 toscan a patient at varying elevations and/or angles of inclination.Accordingly, the lifter system 117 allows for decreased distances toscan targets, and alignment of the gantry bore axis 100 with target axesto increase image quality and accommodate variable target heights andvolumes. In this embodiment, the lifter system 117 can be included withthe radiological imaging device 1 in combination with the horizontal 40and the vertical 112 gantry rotation apparatuses.

In one embodiment, the lifter system 117 includes a modular, two-piecedevice that slides underneath and connects to at least two sides of thetransportation mechanism 25 supporting the gantry 20. In particular, thelifter system 117 includes at least one horizontally-oriented,piston-driven scissor system 118 or lifter system scissor (as in FIG.5B), that connects to the wheel frame. Specifically, the piston-drivenscissor system 118 connects to the v-shaped brackets 22 of thetransportation mechanism 25 at lifter connection points 119 (as in FIG.5A), via lifter connection pins 120 (as in FIG. 5B). In addition, thelifter system 117 includes a lifter piston crank 121 (as in FIG. 5A),that is either driven manually, hydraulically, or via an electric motorthat is integrated into the lifter system 117 or attached externally.After positioning and connecting the lifter system 117 to one or bothsides of the transportation mechanism 25, the lifter piston crank 121 ofthe lifter system 117 is driven in order to increase the vertical heightof the piston-driven scissor system 118.

In some embodiments, the lifter piston crank 121 includes a gear systemthat pushes bracket members of piston-driven scissor system 118bilaterally, as the gear system rotates, in order to cause the bracketmembers to lift or lower. As the vertical height of the piston-drivenscissor system 118 increases, the side of the transportation mechanism25 under which the lifter system 117 is positioned, is lifted. If alifter system 117 is positioned underneath and connected to both sidesof the transportation mechanism 25, both sides of the transportationmechanism 25 can be lifted simultaneously or independently. In addition,each side of the transportation mechanism 25 can be lifted to differingelevations depending on the imaging desired and/or each lifter system117 can have differing height capabilities.

According to one embodiment, the lifter systems 117 can be controlledmanually or by linking the lifter system 117 to the control unit 30 ofthe radiological imaging device 1, which allows for automation, controlvia software, device control stations, or a remote controller. Inparticular, in some embodiments, the user can select the appropriategantry height and/or inclination on the control unit 30, and the liftersystem 117 can orient itself accordingly, such that the user can thenproceed with use and image scanning. In another embodiment, a shroud,such as a rubber cover, can be provided to encase each of the liftersystems 117, such that a patient does not interfere with components ofthe lifter system 117 during positioning of the patient and/or imaging.In addition, ball bearings 115 can be provided underneath lower bracesof the lifter system 117 in order to allow for ease in transportationand positioning of the lifter system 117 underneath the transportationmechanism 25.

The specific components and configuration of the lifter system 117 ofthe embodiment discussed above can be altered without departing from thespirit of the invention. In another embodiment, for example, the liftersystem 117 can be modified such that each wheel or wheel base of thetransportation mechanism 25 can be lifted independently orsimultaneously. In other example embodiments, for example, the liftersystem 117 can be integrated into the transportation mechanism 25 and/orinclude gears, motors, hydraulic (e.g., air, fluid, etc.) pistons,air-inflated devices, magnetic levitators, or manual manipulation.Alternatively, other solutions of obtaining scans at varying anglesinclude, for example, tilting the gantry 20 at its base, robotic arms tomove the gantry 20 and/or the radiation source 21 and the at least oneradiation detector 102, or a C arm of variable geometry.

In yet another embodiment, a roller support system 122 is provided withthe radiological imaging device 1 that allows for a patient to be moreeasily placed into a desired position within the gantry 20, whileavoiding interference with other components (e.g., table legs) of theradiological imaging device 1. In addition, the roller support system122 provides support to the patient, patient bed, or bed extension,while also being configured to be raised and lowered to accommodatepatient or table heights and/or variable target geometries. In oneembodiment, the roller support system 122 is provided with at least oneof the horizontal 40 and/or vertical 112 gantry rotation apparatuses, aswell as with the lifter system 117.

In one embodiment, the roller support system 122 includes at least twovertical supports 123 or roller support vertical support (as in FIG.5C), that are each positioned within a vertical collar 124 or rollersupport vertical collar, that are mounted within a housing of the gantry20. The roller support system 122 further includes a horizontal rollersupport 50 or roller support horizontal, that includes a support roller125 or roller support roller. The horizontal support roller 50 isreversibly mounted to the at least two vertical supports 123. The atleast two vertical supports 123 can also be raised or lowered to varyingheights using, for example, pistons or set pins.

In one embodiment, the raising and/or lowering of the at least twovertical supports 123 can be controlled via the control unit 30 of theradiological imaging device 1. In this embodiment, the user can select adesired height of the vertical supports 123 on the control unit 30, andthe roller support system 122 raises or lowers accordingly. In addition,the raising and lowering of the vertical supports 123 and/or the rollersupport system 122 can be set by selecting values or iterativelypressing a button on the control unit 30 or another display panelprovided with the radiological imaging device 1.

In another embodiment, the horizontal support roller 50 of the rollersupport system 122 slides into mounting holes provided within inneredges of the gantry bore 126 (not shown), such that the roller supportsystem 122 can be integrated with the gantry 20. In some otherembodiments, the roller support system 122 can include a fixedcantilever support 126 that includes at least two cantilever members 60(as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B) attached to the horizontal rollersupport 50 and, preferably, suitable to rotate with respect to thehorizontal roller support 50 and the fixed cantilever support 127, inorder to place the patient and/or the table, bed, or bed extension intothe proper position. The horizontal support roller 50 of the rollersupport system 122 can be entirely removed from the gantry bore 126 andthe vertical collars 124 in order to increase the size of the gantrybore 126. Although the disclosed embodiment uses a singular horizontalsupport roller 50 including multiple bars, smaller pivot points,multiple rollers, and/or a v-shaped bar or bars.

The specific components and configuration of the roller support system122 of the embodiment discussed above can be altered without departingfrom the spirit of the invention. Alternatively, other solutions forsupporting the patient, the patient bed, or the bed extension can beachieved by using, for example, lifting gears, motors, hydraulic (e.g.,air, fluid, etc.) pistons, air-inflated devices, magnetic levitators,manual manipulation, plates with rollers, wheels, lubrication, magneticseparators, belts, treads, or gear systems. In addition, a modularsupport could be constructed that is mounted to the ceiling, gantry, orthe transportation mechanism 25 (e.g.; cart), or a specialized, rollingor ceiling/floor-mounted independent bed could be employed in order tosupport a prone patient.

In one embodiment, a cooling system 128 is provided in order to coolcomponents that generate heat within the gantry 20. The cooling system128, preferably, disposed and rigidly joined to the gantrysource/detector ring 103, enables the performance of multiple scans inrapid succession by the radiological imaging device 1 with minimal heatbuildup. In some embodiments, the cooling system 128 can be providedwith at least one of the horizontal 40 and/or vertical 112 gantryrotation apparatuses, as well as with the lifter system 117 and/orroller support system 122. In the example embodiment, the cooling system128 includes a blow-through, fan-type cooling unit 129 (FIG. 2A) mountedto the gantry 20 and connected to either a backside or a front side ofthe radiation source 21 or X-ray source. In particular, the coolingsystem 128 includes a fluid-fed (preferably, glycol-fed) cooling unit129 with a cooling unit fan 130 or cooling unit fan (as in FIG. 6A), andcooling unit fluid lines 131 or cooling unit glycol lines. The coolingsystem 128 blows cool air via the cooling unit fan 130 across the fluidlines 131 to transfer heat from the fluid lines 131 to the air.

Continuing with the current embodiment, the cooling unit 129 is mountedto the gantry 20 and connects to either the backside or the front sideof the radiation source 21, such that “cold” fluid lines are fed fromthe cooling unit 129 into the radiation source 21 and run through an oilreservoir that surrounds radiation source 21 components to absorb heatfrom the oil via liquid-liquid heat exchange. The radiation source 21further includes a pump, which can recirculate the oil in the oilreservoir to uniformly heat the oil and therefore, to enable a betterliquid-liquid heat exchange. The “hot” fluid lines that absorb heat fromthe oil are then fed back into the cooling unit 129 in order to becooled down using the cooling unit fan 130 and thus completing thecycle. The functions of the cooling system 128 can be, for example,continuous or controlled via the control unit 30. In particular, in oneembodiment, the cooling system 128 is linked to the control unit 30 witha PC or PLC, which controls the radiation source 21 and the readings ofthe cooling system 128, such as, the temperature of the cooling unit 129(by a temperature sensor disposed in the fluid lines and/or the oilreservoir), can be displayed on the interface of the PC, PLC, or thecontrol unit of the source 21.

The specific components and configuration of the cooling system 128 ofthe embodiment discussed above can be altered without departing from thespirit of the invention. Alternatively, or in addition to the coolingsystem discussed above, a cooling system 128 can be provided on thebackside of the radiation detector 102 in order to provide cooling tocomponents placed on the radiation detector 102 side of the radiologicalimaging device 1. Cooling can also be achieved by using, for example,gas, water, or other refrigerants in a plate/frame exchanger, or anyother type of heat exchanger known in the art.

In another embodiment, a source tilting device 132 is provided with theradiological imaging device 1 to position the radiation source 21 andthus, the central axis of propagation 21 a of the radiation at variousangles depending on the desired scanning position. Accordingly, thesource tilting device 132 enables dynamic scanning that continually usesoptimal offset distance and greater target volumes to be scanned by thegantry 20, which in turn increases the field-of-view (FOV) by increasingthe angle of radiation emitted by the radiation source 21. The sourcetilting device 132 also optimizes beam targeting by keeping thestrongest beam of radiation focused on the radiation detector 102.

In one embodiment, the source tilting device 132 is provided with atleast one of the horizontal 40 and/or vertical 112 gantry rotationapparatuses, as well as with the lifter system 117, the roller supportsystem 122, and/or the cooling system 128. In the embodiment herein, thesource tilting device 132 includes an off-axis motor 133 or tiltingsource off-axis motor (as in FIG. 6B), that is connected to a pistonsystem 134 or tilting source piston system, that is mounted to a sourcemounting plate 135 to which the radiation source 21 or X-ray source, ismounted. The source mounting plate 135 is mounted to the gantry 20 via apivot support 136 or tilting source pivot support.

The source tilting device 132 allows for repositioning of the radiationsource 21 and/or the angle of radiation emission by driving the off-axismotor 133 and thus, the piston system 134. In particular, as theoff-axis motor 133 is driven, a drive axis of the off-axis motor 133 isrotated and this rotation is converted into either a linear extension ora linear retraction via the piston system 134. Since the piston system134 is connected to the source mounting plate 135, the linear extensionor retraction of the piston system 134 pushes against or pulls back thesource mounting plate 135, which causes the source mounting plate 135 tofreely rotate about the pivot point; thereby, shifting the angle of theradiation source 21 and/or the angle of radiation emission. The drivingof the off-axis motor 133 to enable the source tilting device 133 toshift the angle of the radiation source 21 to a desired angle ofradiation emission can be controlled via the control unit 30.

In one embodiment, the user selects the desired angle of the radiationsource 21 on the control unit 30, and the source tilting device 132orients the radiation source 21 accordingly, such that the user can thenproceed with the image scanning. In some other embodiments, the sourcetilting device 132 is used in combination with the collimator 76 havingan adjustable window, which provides the radiological imaging device 1with great control over the FOV. In another embodiment, the radiationsource 21 is tilted via the source tilting device 132 by varyingdegrees, to allow an optimized angle of radiation with respect to thescanning and target volume involved. For example, in one embodiment, theradiation source 21 is tilted from about 20 degrees to about 40 degrees.In another embodiment, the source is tilted via the source tiltingdevice 132 from about −17.5 degrees to about +17.5 degrees from its“rest” position, thus providing for a total angle sweep of about 35degrees.

The specific components and configuration of the source tilting device132 of the embodiment discussed above can be altered without departingfrom the spirit of the invention. In another embodiment, for example,the source tilting device 134 includes gears, direct drive rotationalmotors (at the pivot point), belts, manual manipulation, chains, scissorsystems, solenoids, low-slip nearing systems, or robotic arm mounts.Alternatively, other solutions of dynamic scanning to continually useoptimal offset distance and increasing the FOV can include, for example,tilting the radiation detector 102 (with or without tilting theradiation source 21), increasing the radiation detector 102 size(thereby, increasing the radiation dose), increasing the radiationdetector 102 and/or the radiation source 21 quantity, increasing theemission angle of the radiation source 21, translating the radiationsource 21, or decreasing the distance between the radiation source 21and the radiation detector 102.

In yet another embodiment, a translational apparatus 137 is providedthat is adapted (i) to displace the radiation detector 102 with respectto the radiation source 21, and (ii) to displace the radiation detector102 horizontally with respect to inner edges of the gantry 20 (e.g.;side-to-side). Accordingly, the translational apparatus 137 allows forobtaining scans of at least a portion of the patient with improved imagequality, increases clearance of the gantry bore 126 for scanningprocedures, provides for dynamic scanning that continually uses optimaloffset distance, and increases scanning diameter capabilities.

In one embodiment, the translational apparatus 137 is provided with atleast one of the horizontal 40 and/or vertical 112 gantry rotationapparatuses, as well as with the lifter system 117, the roller supportsystem 122, the cooling system 128, and/or the source tilting device132. The translational apparatus 137 includes a translational plate 138or the Detector Mounting Plate (as in FIG. 6C) to which the radiationdetector 102 or Detector (as in FIG. 6C) is mounted, a first linearactuator 139, and a second linear actuator 140. The first linearactuator 139 moves the radiation detector 102 along a first direction oftranslation, which is substantially perpendicular to the central axis ofpropagation 21 a and, preferably, substantially perpendicular to theaxis of extension 20 a. Similarly, the second linear actuator 140 movesthe radiation detector 102 along a second direction of translation,which is substantially parallel to the central axis of propagation 21 a.

The first linear actuator 139 includes a first motor 141 or horizontaltranslation plate motor (as in FIG. 6C), a horizontal plate support 142or horizontal translation plate support, and a horizontal chain 143 orhorizontal translation plate chain. Similarly, the second linearactuator 140 includes a second motor 144 or vertical translation platemotor, a vertical plate support 145 or vertical translation platesupport, and a vertical chain 146 or vertical translation plate chain.The first motor 141 drives the horizontal chain 143 and/or thehorizontal plate support 142, such that the translational plate 138 andthe radiation detector 102 is horizontally driven (e.g.; side-to-side)along the horizontal plate support 142. The second motor 144 drives thevertical chain 146 and/or the vertical plate support 145, such that thetranslational plate 138 and the radiation detector 102 is verticallydriven (e.g.; toward or away from the central bore axis of the gantry100) along the vertical plate support 145.

In some embodiments, the first 141 and the second 144 motors arecontrolled by automation software installed in the control unit 30and/or other device interfaces. In such cases, once the user selects adesired position of the radiation detector 102 on the control unit 30,the translational apparatus 137 orients the radiation detector 102according to the user's instruction, to enable the user to proceed withthe image scanning in desired setting. In one embodiment, byhorizontally translating and/or vertically retracting the translationalplate 138 and the radiation detector 102, images are captured at greaterangles with greater FOVs, with or without tilting the radiation source21. Moreover, in some embodiments, the translational apparatus 137 isincluded with the source tilting device 132 to achieve even greaterFOVs.

The specific components and configuration of the translational apparatus137 of the embodiment discussed above can be altered without departingfrom the spirit of the invention. In yet another embodiment, thetranslational apparatus 137 includes gears, belts, manual manipulation,chains, scissor systems, solenoids, magnetic levitators, low-slipbearing systems, hydraulic lifters, pistons, or robotic arm mounts.Alternatively, in case a user performs a dynamic scanning using optimaloffset distance, image quality can be improved by decreasing thedistance between the radiation source 21 and the target. This can beachieved by mounting the radiation source 102 to an analogoustranslational apparatus 137, or by using a smaller gantry 20, roboticarmature, or C-arm mounting with pivot points.

Following is an embodiment of the radiation detector 102. In thisembodiment, the radiation detector 102 includes at least one flat panelsensor 32 f (as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B), that includes an array ofpixels. The flat panel sensor 32 f is capable of operating in multipleindependent read-out modes, including a matrix mode (FIG. 7A) and alinear sensor mode (FIG. 7B). The independent read-out modes of the flatpanel sensor 32 f are selectable by control unit 30. In this embodiment,operating the flat panel sensor 32 f in the matrix mode is referred toas the first active configuration, and operating the flat panel sensor32 f in the linear sensor mode is referred to as the second activeconfiguration of the radiation detector 102, respectively.

In the first active configuration (i.e.; the matrix mode; FIG. 7A), theflat panel sensor 32 f outputs signal corresponding to the radiationdetected by the pixels in a region of sensitive surface 32 g of the flatpanel sensor 32 f (FIG. 7A) to the control unit 30. In one embodimentherein, the sensitive surface 32 g is substantially coextensive with theentire array of pixels of the flat panel sensor 32 f. The matrix mode ofthe flat panel sensor is suitable for performing at least tomography andfluoroscopy.

In the second active configuration (i.e.; linear sensor mode; FIG. 7B),the flat panel sensor 32 f outputs signals corresponding to theradiation detected by the subset of pixels in a region of sensitivesurface 32 h of the flat panel sensor 32 f (FIG. 7A), to the controlunit 30. The sensitive surface 32 h of the flat panel sensor 32 ffunctions effectively as a linear sensor. Specifically, in thisembodiment, the sensitive surface 32 h has a frame rate in the range ofapproximately 10-300 frames per second and a width that is substantiallygreater than its length. In this case, the length of the sensitivesurface 32 h is defined in a direction substantially parallel to theaxis of extension 20 a, wherein the width of the sensitive surface 32 his defined in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis ofextension 20 a and the central axis of propagation 21 a.

The second active configuration of the flat panel sensor 32 f is usefulfor performing fan beam tomography. As described with reference to FIG.2C, fan beam tomography can be performed by shaping the radiationemitted by the radiation source 21 into a fan-shaped beam using, forexample, a collimator 76. However, by selecting a portion (i.e., asubset) of the flat panel sensor 32 f as a radiation sensitive surface,the flat panel sensor 32 f can operate in multiple modes. Moreover,switching from fan beam imaging to cone beam imaging can be easilyachieved by selecting a subset of the flat panel sensor 32 f as aradiation sensitive surface, without altering the operation of radiationsource 21 or physically interchanging any components of the radiologicalimaging device 1. That is, for a cone-shaped beam of radiation,operating the flat panel sensor 32 f in the linear sensor mode willprovide the sensitive surface 32 h that is effectively sensitive only toa fan-shaped cross-section of the cone-shaped beam of radiation.Accordingly, when the radiation source 21 emits a cone-shaped beam ofradiation, cone beam tomography can be performed using the control unit30. For example, the matrix mode of flat panel sensor 32 f and fan beamtomography can be performed by selecting via control unit 30, forexample, the linear sensor mode of flat panel sensor 32 f.

The pixel array size of sensitive surfaces 32 g and 32 h of the flatpanel sensor 32 f can be predefined in hardware, firmware, software, orother control means of the flat panel sensor 32 f. In one embodiment,the flat panel sensor 32 f may be a Hamamatsu model C11701DK-40 flatpanel sensor, which can operate in a matrix mode that provides asensitive surface 32 g having a 1096×888 or a 2192×1776 array of pixels.Moreover, the Hamamatsu model C11701DK-40 flat panel sensor can alsoseparately operate in a linear sensor mode that provides a sensitivesurface 32 h, having a 1816×60 array of pixels.

In some embodiments, the flat panel sensor 32 f can be mounted on apanel motion system 35 that includes guides 34 and a motorizedtransportation mechanism 36 (FIGS. 7A and 7B). The panel motion system35 is suitable for moving the flat panel sensor 32 f along an axis 38,which is substantially perpendicular to both the axis of extension 20 aand the central axis of propagation 21 a. In one embodiment, during thelinear mode of operation of the flat panel sensor 32 f, the axis 38remains parallel to the width of the sensitive surface 32 h of the flatpanel sensor 32 f.

According to an embodiment, FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic blockdiagram representation of a computer system 80. In this embodiment, itis assumed that at least some components of the computer system 80 canform or be included in the aforementioned control unit 30. The computersystem 80 is electrically connected to other components of theradiological imaging device 1 (e.g.; the radiation source 21, theradiation detector 102, the gantry 20, and any subcomponents thereof) byway of communications interface 98. The computer system 80 includes atleast one computer processor 82 (“controller”) including a centralprocessing unit, a multiple processing unit, an application-specificintegrated circuit (“ASIC”), a field programmable gate array (“FPGA”),or the like. The processor 82 is connected to communicationinfrastructure 84 (e.g., a communications bus, a cross-over bar device,or a network). Although various embodiments are described herein interms of this exemplary computer system 80, after reading thisdescription, it will become apparent to a person skilled in the relevantart(s) how to implement the invention using other computer systemsand/or architectures, and doing so is within the scope of the invention.

In some other embodiments, the computer system 80 may also include adisplay unit 86 for displaying video graphics, text, and other dataprovided from the communication infrastructure 84. The display unit 86can be included in the control unit 30. In yet another embodiment, thecomputer system 80 further includes an input unit 88 that can be used bythe operator to send information to the computer processor 82. Forexample, the input unit 88 can include a keyboard device and/or a mousedevice or other input device(s). In some cases, the display unit 86, theinput unit 88, and the computer processor 82 can collectively form auser interface. In case of a computer system 80 enabled with a touchscreen display, the input unit 88 and the display units 86 are combined.In such cases, if an operator touches the display unit 86, the displayunit converts the touch signal into a corresponding electrical signaland sends that signal to the processor 82.

In addition, the computer system 80 includes a main memory 90 (e.g.; arandom access memory (“RAM”) and a secondary memory 92. The secondarymemory 92 includes a hard disk drive 94 and/or a removable storage drive96 (e.g., a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, an optical diskdrive, a flash memory drive, and the like) capable of reading from andwriting to a corresponding removable storage medium, in a known manner.The removable storage medium can be a non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium storing computer-executable software instructions and/ordata.

In yet another embodiment, the computer system 80 include acommunications interface 98 (e.g.; a modem, a network interface (e.g.;an Ethernet card), a communications port (e.g., a Universal Serial Bus(“USB”) port or a FireWire® port), and the like) that enables softwareand data to be transferred between the computer system 80 and externaldevices. For example, the communications interface 98 can be used totransfer software or data between the computer system 80 and a remoteserver or cloud-based storage (not shown). Additionally, thecommunication interface 98 can be used to transfer data and commandsbetween the computer system 80 (serving as control unit 30) to othercomponents of the radiological imaging device 1 (e.g.; the radiationsource 21, the radiation detector 102, the gantry 20, and anysubcomponents thereof).

One or more computer programs (also referred to as computer controllogic) are stored in the main memory 90 and/or the secondary memory 92(e.g.; the removable-storage drive 96 and/or the hard disk drive 94).The computer programs can also be loaded into the computer system 80 viathe communications interface 98. The computer programs includecomputer-executable instructions which, when executed by thecontroller/computer processor 82, cause the computer system 80 toperform the procedures described herein and shown in FIG. 8.Accordingly, the computer programs can control the control unit 30 andother components (e.g., the radiation source 21, the radiation detector102, the gantry 20, and any subcomponents thereof) of the radiologicalimaging device 1.

A process of scanning at least a portion of a patient using theradiological imaging device 1 will now be further described withreference to FIG. 8. At S702 the radiological imaging device 1initializes itself to perform the scanning process. Next, at S704, theoperator places the patient on a bed. In some embodiments, the operatorthen activates the laser positioning system (including lasers 72 and 74,as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B), which projects horizontal visual markers73 to assist the operator in adjusting the height and inclination of thepatient in reference to the gantry 20. The laser positioning system alsoprojects a top-down marker 75 to assist the operator in laterallyadjusting the patient in reference to the gantry 20. Accordingly, theoperator adjusts the position of the patient and/or the bed or bedextension within the gantry 20 using the roller support system 122.

Additionally, at S704, the operator may operate the control unit 30 tospecify imaging parameters, such as, the portion of the body on which toperform a total body scan and the inclination of the central axis ofpropagation with or without shifting the radiation source 21 using thesource tilting device 132. In some embodiments, the operator also inputspatient information (e.g., species, weight, and/or tissue type to beimaged) in the control unit 30 and commands the control unit 30 toautomatically configure the radiological imaging device 1 to select theappropriate radiation dose based on the patient information.

Next, at S706, the control unit 30 responds to the aforementionedoperator specified imaging parameters and controls the horizontal gantryrotation apparatus, so as to rotate the source 21 and the detector inorder to orient the central axis of propagation 21 a in relation to thepatient and/or bed. In addition, the control unit 30 can control theposition of the radiation source 21 via the source tilting device 132,the position of the transportation mechanism 25 and/or gantry 20 via thelifter system 117, and/or the position of the radiation detector 102 viathe translational apparatus 137, according to the user specificparameters. Moreover, if the operator commands the control unit 30 toautomatically configure the radiological imaging device 1 to use anappropriate radiation dose in S704, the control unit 30 configures thesource 21 and the filter 76, if necessary, in the manner describedabove, so as to be prepared to provide such a dose. Once the centralaxis of propagation 21 a has reached the desired inclination, theradiological imaging device 1 starts scanning at S708.

At S708, during scanning of the patient's body, the horizontal gantryrotation apparatus 40 rotates the gantry source/detector ring 103 sothat the radiation source 21 and the radiation detector 102 rotatetogether, thereby permitting the radiation to scan the entire analysiszone 20 b to be imaged. As the rotation of the gantry source/detectorring 103 continues, the radiation source 21 emits radiation. Suchradiation, after traversing the patient's body, is detected by theradiation detector 102, which in turn sends a corresponding electricalsignal to the control unit 30.

The manner in which S708 is performed in a case where the radiationdetector 102 includes a flat panel sensor 32 f operating in a linearsensor mode with sensitive surface 32 h will now be described. During ascan, the radiation source 21 continuously emits radiation, whichtraverses the patient's body and hits the sensitive surface 32 h of theflat panel sensor 32 f. As the gantry source/detector ring 103 rotates,the flat panel sensor 32 f detects radiation during such rotation andsends corresponding electrical signals to the control unit 30.Accordingly, the control unit 30 receives a signal for the entire zoneimaged and processes the signal to acquire an image of the scanned partof the patient.

In one embodiment, if desired by the operator, one or more additionalscans may be performed. For each additional scan, the flat panel sensor32 f can be translated along axis 38 by the panel motion system 35 to anew position that partially overlaps the position of the flat panelsensor 32 f in a previous scan, and more particularly, the immediatelypreceding scan. However, in some embodiments, for each additional scan,the radiation detector 102 is translated by using the translationalapparatus 137. Next, a further scanning procedure is performed in themanner described above, that is, the gantry source/detector ring 103 isrotated while the radiation source 21 emits radiation and the flat panelsensor 32 f continuously outputs a signal to the control unit 30. Inthis manner, a plurality of scans can be acquired, each scan being aswide as the sensitive surface 32 h. The plurality of scans is thenprovided to the control unit 30 for graphic reconstruction at S710.

At S710, the control unit 30 carries out the graphic reconstruction ofthe zone being imaged using the readings performed by the radiationdetector 103. In the example embodiment where the radiation detector 103includes flat panel sensor 32 f operating in the linear sensor mode, theplurality of scans acquired in S708 by flat panel sensor 32 f can bereconstructed into one overall image in a manner that minimizes edgeeffects in overlapping regions of the plurality of images. Thus, byvirtue of the panel motion system 35 and/or the translational apparatus137, the flat panel sensor 32 f can provide an overall radiologicalimage that is wider than the sensitive surface 32 h.

The process then continues to S712 and ends. The operator may repeat theprocess or a portion thereof to acquire additional scans, as desired.

In view of the foregoing description, it can be appreciated that atleast some example embodiments described herein provide a radiologicalimaging device 1 that produces high quality total body scan images, andthat can be used to perform computerized tomography, fluoroscopy andradiography in a single device.

Additionally, the radiological imaging device 1 can perform dynamicscanning to continually use optimal offset distance, increased FOVimaging, different analyses, and/or various angled imaging on thepatient without having to move said patient, and, as a consequence,risks associated with such maneuvers may be reduced or substantiallyminimized.

In addition, since it is possible to select the most suitable detectorat the most suitable position of the radiation detector 102, theradiation source 21, and/or the gantry 20 for each analysis, theradiological imaging device 1 makes it possible to limit, orsubstantially reduce or minimize, exposure to X-rays.

An innovative radiological imaging procedure also is provided by virtueof the radiological imaging device 1. With the radiological imagingprocedure, the analysis can be performed when the patient and the deviceis in the ideal condition, thus limiting exposure to radiation and thecosts of the analysis.

Additionally, by virtue of the radiological imaging device 1, it ispossible to perform total body scanning at 360° and without moving thepatient during the entire procedure.

In further example embodiments, the at least one horizontal gantryrotation apparatus, vertical gantry rotation apparatus, lifter system,rolling support system, cooling system, source tilting device, andtranslational apparatus, discussed above, could also be included withthe radiological imaging devices according to one or more of the exampleembodiments described in U.S. Provisional Patent Applications Nos.61/932,024, 61/932,028, 61/932,034, and 61/944,956, which areincorporated herein by reference in their entireties, as if set forthfully herein.

While numerous preferred embodiments have been described herein, it iswithin the scope of the invention for a radiological imaging device toinclude one or a combination of any of the features described above.

Modifications and variations may be made to the example embodimentsdescribed herein without departing from the scope of the inventiveconcept. All the elements as described and claimed herein may bereplaced with equivalent elements and the scope of the exampleembodiments includes all other details, materials, shapes anddimensions.

In addition, it should be understood that the attached drawings, whichhighlight functionality described herein, are presented as illustrativeexamples. The architecture of the present invention is sufficientlyflexible and configurable, such that it can be utilized (and navigated)in ways other than that shown in the drawings.

Further, the purpose of the appended Abstract is to enable the U.S.Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally, and especiallyscientists, engineers, and practitioners in the relevant art(s), who arenot familiar with patent or legal terms and/or phraseology, to determinequickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of thetechnical subject matter disclosed herein. The Abstract is not intendedto be limiting as to the scope of the present invention in any way.

What is claimed:
 1. A radiological imaging device comprising: a gantrydefining an analysis zone in which at least a part of a patient isplaced; a source arranged to emit radiation that passes through the atleast part of the patient, the radiation defining a central axis ofpropagation; a detector arranged to receive the radiation and togenerate data signals based on the radiation received; a horizontalgantry rotation apparatus that includes a ring to which the source andthe detector are mounted and a rotational bearing member configured torotate the ring; a control unit adapted to acquire an image from datasignals received continuously from the detector while the horizontalgantry rotation apparatus continuously rotates the ring and the sourceemitting the radiation and the detector receiving the radiation that aremounted to the ring, so as to scan the at least part of the patient; atransportation mechanism mounted to the gantry and configured totransport the gantry; a first lifter system configured to lift a firstside of the transportation mechanism, the first lifter system includinga scissor lift that slides underneath and connects to the first side ofthe transportation mechanism.
 2. The radiological imaging device ofclaim 1, further comprising a vertical gantry rotation apparatusconfigured to rotate the gantry about a vertical axis, the verticalgantry rotation apparatus including a first rotational plate mounted tothe gantry and a second rotational plate mounted to the transportationmechanism.
 3. The radiological imaging device of claim 1, furthercomprising a second lifter system configured to lift a second side ofthe transportation mechanism, the second lifter system including ascissor lift that slides underneath and connects to the second side ofthe transportation mechanism.
 4. The radiological imaging device ofclaim 1, further comprising at least one positioning laser mounted onthe gantry that projects a positioning guidance marker on the patient.5. The radiological imaging device of claim 1, further comprising aroller support system that mounts to the gantry, the roller supportsystem including at least two vertical supports and at least onehorizontal support mounted to the at least two vertical supports.
 6. Theradiological imaging device of claim 5, wherein the at least onehorizontal support comprises at least one support roller.
 7. Theradiological imaging device of claim 1, further comprising a coolingsystem connected to the source.
 8. The radiological imaging device ofclaim 7, wherein the cooling system comprises a fluid-fed cooling unit.9. The radiological imaging device of claim 1, further comprising asource tilting device that connects to the source, the source tiltingdevice including: a source mounting plate to which the source ismounted; a source pivot support to which both the gantry and the sourcemounting plate are connected; a piston system adapted to engage with thesource mounting plate; and a motor that drives the piston system. 10.The radiological imaging device of claim 1, further comprising atranslational apparatus configured to translate the detector, thetranslational apparatus comprising: a translational plate to which thedetector is mounted; a first linear actuator configured to move thedetector in a first direction of translation; and a second linearactuator configured to move the detector in a second direction oftranslation that is perpendicular to the first direction of translation.11. A method of acquiring a radiological image of at least a part of apatient placed in a gantry, the method comprising: causing a source toemit radiation that passes through the at least a part of the patient,the radiation defining a central axis of propagation; receiving theradiation at a detector; outputting data signals from the detector to acontrol unit; continuously rotating the source and the detector with ahorizontal gantry rotation apparatus around a bore axis of the gantry;acquiring, at the control unit, an image from data signals receivedcontinuously from the detector while the horizontal gantry rotationapparatus continuously rotates the source emitting the radiation and thedetector receiving the radiation, so as to scan the at least part of thepatient; mounting the gantry to a transportation mechanism configured totransport the gantry; and lifting a first side of the transportationmechanism with a first lifter system, the first lifter system includinga scissor lift that slides underneath and connects to the first side ofthe transportation mechanism.
 12. The method of claim 11, furthercomprising rotating the gantry about a vertical axis using a verticalgantry rotation apparatus, the vertical gantry rotation apparatusincluding a first rotational plate mounted to the gantry and a secondrotational plate mounted to the transportation mechanism.
 13. The methodof claim 11, further comprising lifting a second side of thetransportation mechanism with a second lifter system, the second liftersystem including a scissor lift that slides underneath and connects tothe second side of the transportation mechanism.
 14. The method of claim11, further comprising projecting onto the patient at least onepositioning guidance marker from at least one positioning laser mountedon the gantry.
 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising adjustingthe patient using a roller support system that mounts to the gantry, theroller support system including at least two vertical supports and atleast one horizontal support mounted to the at least two verticalsupports.
 16. The method of 11, further comprising cooling the sourceusing a cooling system connected to the source.
 17. The method of claim16, wherein the cooling system comprises a fluid-fed cooling unit. 18.The method of claim 11, further comprising tilting the source using asource tilting device that connects to the source, the source tiltingdevice including: a source mounting plate to which the source ismounted; a source pivot support to which both the gantry and the sourcemounting plate are connected; a piston system adapted to engage with thesource mounting plate; and a motor that drives the piston system. 19.The method of claim 11, further comprising translating a position of thedetector in relation to the patient with a translational apparatus, thetranslational apparatus comprising: a translational plate to which thedetector is mounted; a first linear actuator configured to move thedetector in a first direction of translation; and a second linearactuator configured to move the detector in a second direction oftranslation that is perpendicular to the first direction of translation.